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All rights reserved. Please do not print or copy of this page or any
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This page is prepared based on experience on Civil Engineering Design.
All definitions and most of the explanations are taken from different
text books and international design codes, which are referenced in the
contents. Any similarity of the content or part of with any company
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that. Disclaimer-2: Attached calculation files are for your reference
only. Please do not use in your project without proper
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mistakes in the projects.